新手与高手在瞄准阶段的心理生理差异

M. Yıldız, U. Fidan
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引用次数: 1

摘要

目的:确定步枪射击运动员在射击过程中的心理状态,对制定适合其技术水平的心理训练方案具有重要意义。摘要本研究旨在探讨步枪射击高手与新手的心理生理差异。材料:14名射击高手(年龄:28.08±9.12岁,身高:176.12±4.24 cm,体重:73.56±5.28 kg)和20名射击新手(年龄:21.08±3.12岁,身高:177.42±3.74 cm,体重:71.56±3.57 kg)参与本研究。参与者在10米的距离内进行了5次射击。得到每名射击者在射击前5秒至射击瞬间的5次射击得分、注意力和冥想值、心率的平均值。结果:专家组射击得分(10.02±0.49比7.6±2.86,p<0.01)、冥想水平(71.50±21.05比52.93±20.54,p<0.05)显著高于新手组,注意水平(73.63±21.11比59.76±21.26,p<0.05)、心率(105.34±12.12比98.67±7,12 bpm, p<0.05)显著高于新手组。结论:新手和专家在瞄准期表现出不同的心理生理反应。心理生理差异有助于对射击运动员进行分类,并在训练中提供反馈,因为根据群体水平制定计划是很重要的,特别是在制定心理训练计划时。此外,确定了移动脑电图装置是确定运动员在体育特定活动中心理状态的有效方法。
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The psychophysiological differences between expert and novice rifle shooters during the aiming period
Purpose: Determination of mental status of the rifle shooters during the shooting performance is critical for the development of mental training programs according to their skill levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychophysiological differences of expert and novice rifle shooters. Material: Fourteen expert (age: 28.08±9.12 years, height: 176.12±4.24 cm, weight: 73.56±5.28 kg) and twenty novice shooters (age: 21.08±3.12 years, height: 177.42±3.74 cm, and weight: 71.56±3.57 kg) participated in the current study. The participants performed five shootings from a distance of 10m. The averages of each shooter’s five shooting scores, values of attention and meditation, and heart rate between 5-sec before shooting and shooting moment were obtained. Results: It was determined that shooting scores (10.02 ±0.49 vs. 7.6±2.86, p<0.01, respectively) and meditation level (71.50±21.05 vs. 52.93±20.54, p<0.05, respectively) were significantly higher in the experts while attention level (73.63±21.11 vs. 59.76±21.26, p<0.05, respectively), and heart rate (105.34±12.12 vs. 98.67±7,12 bpm, p<0.05, respectively) were found higher in the novices. Conclusions: The novices and experts present different psychophysiological responses during the aiming period. It is suggested that the psychophysiological differences can be useful to categorize shooters and to provide feedback in training because it is important to develop programs according to group levels, especially in the development of mental training programs. Besides, it is determined that the mobile EEG device is an effective method for determining the mental status of athletes in sports specific activities.
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