智能互联社区中动态资源分配的分层规划

IF 2 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI:10.1145/3502869
Geoffrey Pettet, Ayan Mukhopadhyay, Mykel J. Kochenderfer, A. Dubey
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引用次数: 2

摘要

不确定条件下的资源配置是城市规模信息物理系统中的一个经典问题。考虑紧急响应,城市规划者和第一响应者优化救护车的位置,以最大限度地减少对道路事故等事件的预期响应时间。通常,这类问题涉及不确定性下的顺序决策,可以建模为马尔可夫(或半马尔可夫)决策过程。决策者的目标是学习从状态到行动的映射,从而最大化预期回报。虽然已经提出了在线、离线和分散的方法来解决这些问题,但可伸缩性仍然是现实世界用例的挑战。我们提出了一种一般的分层规划方法,利用城市级CPS问题的结构进行资源分配。我们使用紧急响应作为案例研究,并展示如何将一个大的资源分配问题分解为较小的问题。然后,我们使用蒙特卡罗计划来解决较小的问题并管理它们之间的交互。最后,我们使用来自美国田纳西州纳什维尔的数据来验证我们的方法。我们的实验表明,所提出的方法优于应急响应领域使用的最先进的方法。
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Hierarchical Planning for Dynamic Resource Allocation in Smart and Connected Communities
Resource allocation under uncertainty is a classic problem in city-scale cyber-physical systems. Consider emergency response, where urban planners and first responders optimize the location of ambulances to minimize expected response times to incidents such as road accidents. Typically, such problems involve sequential decision making under uncertainty and can be modeled as Markov (or semi-Markov) decision processes. The goal of the decision maker is to learn a mapping from states to actions that can maximize expected rewards. While online, offline, and decentralized approaches have been proposed to tackle such problems, scalability remains a challenge for real world use cases. We present a general approach to hierarchical planning that leverages structure in city level CPS problems for resource allocation. We use emergency response as a case study and show how a large resource allocation problem can be split into smaller problems. We then use Monte Carlo planning for solving the smaller problems and managing the interaction between them. Finally, we use data from Nashville, Tennessee, a major metropolitan area in the United States, to validate our approach. Our experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art approaches used in the field of emergency response.
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来源期刊
ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems
ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS-
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
40
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