Asian Koel Removes Nestlings of Elliot's Laughingthrush from Their Nest: Farming or Retaliatory Mafia Behavior?

Abstract On 13 June 2021, a video was recorded showing an adult female Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus removing three Elliot's Laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii nestlings from a nest in a thicket on the banks of Liqiu River in Xinduqiao Town, Kangding, Sichuan, Southwestern China. This is the first record of an Asian Koel removing nestlings from a potential host's nest. Of the various brood parasitism hypotheses, this behavior is most consistent with the farming hypothesis, further suggesting that farming behavior may be a common strategy used by obligate brood parasites.