Acetogenins from Annonaceae plants: potent antitumor and neurotoxic compounds

Background

Acetogenins are compounds found in Annonaceae, such as soursop (A. muricata) and pine cone (A. squamosa), and present cytotoxic properties, with antiproliferative and antitumor effects. However, they have also been implicated in the neurotoxic effects that are associated with atypical Parkinsonism. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and identify the cytotoxic and selective mechanisms for neoplastic cells and neurotoxic acetogenins.

Methods

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and identify the cytotoxic and selective mechanisms for neoplastic cells and neurotoxic acetogenins.

Results

The antitumor mechanisms of action were through apoptotic actions, negative regulation of the tumor growth factor and genotoxicity. The evidenced neurotoxic mechanisms were via the inhibition of neuronal mitochondrial complex I and dysfunctions of the tau protein. Acetogenins demonstrated punctual and selective anti-cancer action, though its selectivity remains unclear, and effects associated with neurodegeneration.

Conclusion

The evidences of neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity converges in a selectivity relationship associated with cells that require high energy demand and this seems to be a key feature that can help to understand these synergistic effects. Chronic exposure to acetogenins can potentiate neural damage, thus, moderate consumption of infusions, extracts and pulp of Annonaceae fruits is recommended.