自闭症——简要更新

O. Skjeldal, Jørn Isaksen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自闭症是一组神经发育障碍,包括社交活动中的明确障碍、语言障碍和刻板的行为模式。这些临床特征被描述为核心症状。这种情况代表了大量罕见的疾病和综合征。因此,大多数人将自闭症称为复数自闭症。在过去的三十年里,自闭症的患病率急剧上升。然而,尽管被诊断为自闭症的人数有所增加,但这并不等同于说自闭症病例数量有所增加。最有可能的是,40-50年前,许多儿童和成年人都有其他诊断的自闭症行为。多年来,人们对自闭症特征的原因进行了深入的讨论,并一直是许多研究活动的主题。目前的主流观点是,遗传和环境因素是导致自闭症的主要原因。本文就孤独症的临床、流行病学及病因等方面的研究现状作一简要介绍。
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Autism – A brief update
Autism is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that involve definite impairments in social interactions, disturbance in language, and a stereotyped pattern of behaviour. These clinical features are described as the core symptoms. The condition represents a very large number of diseases and syndromes that are individually rare. Therefore, most people will refer to autism in the plural – autisms. The prevalence of autism has increased incredibly in the last three decades. However, although the number of people diagnosed with autism has increased, this is not the same as saying that there is an increase in the number of cases of autism. Most likely, many children and adults 40–50 years ago had autistic behaviour that went under other diagnoses. The cause of the autistic features has been thoroughly discussed for many years and has been the subject of many research activities. The dominant view today is that genetic and environmental factors mainly cause autism. In this article we want to give a brief status quo of the clinic, epidemiology and causes of autism.
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