职前音乐教师系统民族音乐文化观念形成的方法论探讨

Ma Shi
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摘要

本工作致力于在音乐教师培养过程中形成系统的民族音乐文化观。确定了四种教学方法的适宜性和有效性。它涉及系统的、基于文化的、以活动为中心的和解释学的方法。基于研究人员作品的概念规定,以及音乐文化的系统流派建模方法,NMC的结构作为一种系统和整体现象的观点被接受为指导。NMC的基础是民间艺术的传统,属于一个国家的大小民族的民间传说。民俗是一种复杂的现象,应该作为一个歌曲、舞蹈和乐器流派(神话、仪式和魔法、日历和仪式、史诗、游戏等)的系统来呈现和研究。作者描述,研究中使用的NMC流派模型可以涵盖音乐文化实践的所有主要特征和元素,例如:表演音乐家的活动;剧院、音乐会组织、创意工会的运作;教育机构的工作;制作和使用乐器、乐谱和书籍;媒体活动等。因此,NMC不仅可以根据其类型内容来考虑。然而,无论用什么方法,从任何角度来看,音乐文化的理论反映都将是多要素、多方面、多层次的统一。它们是通过应用复杂的教学原则、方法和教育形式来实施的,例如:艺术文化及其组成部分的协调和从属原则;教育课程主题构成的螺旋轨迹原则;NMC的流派原则和风格模式;沉浸在文化中的方法;教材的多元艺术表现方法;建立文化亲和力水平的原则,规范比较分析方法的介入;NMC音乐语言系统的创造性同化原则;说教游戏法;解释学循环原则;创建助记符的方法等。
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Methodological approaches to the formation of the pre-service Music teachers' systematic idea of the national musical culture
The work is devoted to the formation of a systematic idea of the national musical culture (NMC) in the music teachers training process. The expediency and validity of four pedagogical approaches have been determined. It concerns systemic, culture-based, activity-centred and hermeneutic approaches. Based on the conceptual provisions of researchers' works, as well as the method of systemic genre modelling of musical culture, the idea of the structure of the NMC as a systemic and holistic phenomenon is accepted as a guideline. The basis of the NMC is the tradition of folk art, folklore of large and small peoples belonging to a single nation. Folklore is a complex phenomenon that should be presented and studied as a system of song, dance, and instrumental genres (mythological, ritual and magic, calendar and ritual, epic, game, etc.) The author describes that the genre model of the NMC used in the study allows to cover all the main characteristics and elements of the cultural practice of music, such as: the activities of performing musicians; functioning of theatres, concert organisations, creative unions; work of educational institutions; production and use of musical instruments, sheet music and books; media activity, etc. Therefore, the NMC can be considered not only in terms of its genre content. However, with any approach, from any point of view, the theoretical reflection of musical culture will be a multi-element, multi-faceted and multi-level unity. They are implemented through the application of a complex of pedagogical principles, methods and forms of education, such as: the principle of coordination and subordination of artistic cultures and their components; the principle of the "spiral trajectory" of the educational course thematic composition; the principle of the genre and style model of the NMC; the method of immersion in culture; the method of multi-artistic representation of educational material; the principle of establishing the level of cultures affinity, which regulates the involvement of comparative analysis methods; the principle of creative assimilation of the music-language system of the NMC; the didactic game method; the "hermeneutic circle" principle; the method of creating mnemonic symbols, etc.
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