波尔塔瓦地区历史庄园公园形成的传统(乌克兰)

IF 0.1 0 ARCHITECTURE Landscape Architecture and Art Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI:10.22616/j.landarchart.2022.21.11
L. Shevchenko, N. Novoselchuk, Olena Troshkina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章致力于乌克兰风景如画的地区之一的历史庄园公园-波尔塔瓦地区。研究的重点是它们形成的传统和特点,它们在18 -19世纪的历史时期发展起来。在研究过程中使用了历史事实、专题、风格和比较历史的方法。采用理论分析、目测和图形重建的方法。本文简要介绍了该地区庄园和公园建筑群的出现历史。介绍了参与其形成的外国和当地专家,包括公园区域。庄园公园的特色在于景观设计和规划构成的性质。本文论证了波尔塔瓦地区庄园公园的功能和规划构成是基于以下结构要素:公园(景观)、经济生产、温室和果园区。揭示了波尔塔瓦地区历史庄园公园解决方案的主要特点。它们包括自然绿地与景观群、现有水源与人工池塘以及建筑建筑的和谐结合。传统上,波尔塔瓦庄园的生活主要集中在平静的休息和农业(或工业)生产分支的发展。该地区的景观水文特征和植被的树木组成是庄园公园景观规划方案的基础。参与这项工作的当地园丁和园艺专家试图保护和强调它们。作为园林和公园艺术的范例,庄园公园继续引起研究人员的兴趣。精致的风格解决方案、有趣的景观和树木组成在这些私人领土上进行了测试。这里创造了独特的景观和景观。
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Traditions in the formation of historical manor parks of the Poltava Region (Ukraine)
The article is devoted to the historical manor parks of one of the picturesque regions of Ukraine – Poltava Region. The focus of the study is on traditions and peculiarities of their formation, which developed historically in the period of the 18th-19th centuries. Historical-factual, monographic, stylistic, and comparative-historical methods were used during the research. The methods of theoretical analysis, visual inspection and graphic reconstruction were also applied. The article presents a brief history of the emergence of manor and park complexes in the region. Foreign and local specialists, who were involved in their formation, including park areas, are presented. Manor parks were distinguished by the nature of landscape design and planning composition. The article proves that the functional and planning composition of manor parks of the Poltava Region was based on the following structural elements: park (landscape), economic and production, greenhouse, and orchard zones. The main features of the solution of the Poltava Region historical manor parks were revealed. They consisted in the harmonious combination of a natural massif of greenery with created landscape groups, existing water sources with artificial ponds, and architectural buildings of estates. Traditionally, life in Poltava manors was mainly focused on calm rest and the development of agricultural (or industrial) productions’ branches. The landscape and hydrological characteristics of the area and the dendrological composition of the vegetation were the basis for the landscape-planning solution of manor parks. Local gardeners and gardening experts involved in the work tried to preserve and emphasize them. Manor parks continue to interest researchers as examples of garden and park art. Exquisite stylistic solutions, interesting landscape and dendrological compositions were tested on these private territories. Unique views and landscapes were created here.
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