英国越冬小母牛的商业实践

Q3 Environmental Science Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-18 DOI:10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.429
N. E. Atkins, K. Walley, L. Sinclair
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引用次数: 0

摘要

英国(GB)的大多数奶牛都在冬季饲养,但替代小母牛在一些农场过冬,这种做法可能会减少对高资本成本住房的需求,并促进牛群扩张。对2012年在英国越冬替代小母牛的奶农进行了调查,以确定当前的做法和态度。一个典型的系统涉及小母牛对牧场或作物进行带状放牧,将捆草青贮饲料作为补充饲料;与新西兰的户外越冬系统非常相似。许多人使用不止一种草食;主要是牧场占68%,羽衣甘蓝占53%,饲料甜菜占33%。补充饲料在年轻小母牛的饮食中占44%,在年长小母牛中占35%。尽管农场规模大约是全国平均水平的三倍,60%的农场正在扩大,但扩大牛群规模并不是外出越冬的主要原因,主要原因是降低成本,改善动物健康和福利。越冬小母牛的农民通常报告说,动物平均乳制品增加0.6公斤/天,身体状况良好,然而,这与英国的一些实测表现形成了对比。农民可以从准确的饲料分配和冬季监测小母牛活重中受益,以确保高性能。
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Commercial practice of out-wintering dairy heifers in Great Britain
The majority of dairy cattle in Great Britain (GB) are housed during winter but replacement heifers are out-wintered on some farms, a practice that may reduce the need for high capital-cost housing and facilitate herd expansion. Dairy farmers that were out-wintering replacement heifers in GB in 2012 were surveyed to determine current practice and attitudes. A typical system involved heifers strip grazing pasture or a crop, with baled grass silage as supplementary feed; strongly resembling outdoor wintering systems in New Zealand. Many used more than one grazed forage; predominantly, pasture on 68%, kale on 53% and fodder beet on 33% of farms. Supplementary feed was 44% of the diet in younger, and 35% in older heifers. Although farms were approximately three times larger than the national average and 60% were expanding, expanding herd size was not the primary reason for out-wintering, with the main reasons being to reduce cost and improve animal health and welfare. Farmers that out-wintered heifers typically reported good animal average dairy gain of 0.6 kg/d and high body condition, however, this contrasts with some measured performance in GB. Farmers may benefit from accurate feed allocation and monitoring heifer live weight during winter to ensure high performance.  
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来源期刊
Journal of New Zealand Grasslands
Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
27
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