液相线以上的冷却和过热对结构成分形成的速率效应

N. Filonenko, O. Babachenko, G. Kononenko, O. Safronova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对直径为450 mm的连铸坯中碳钢结晶终止后,钢过热至液相线以上50°C和150°C,并进一步浇注到楔形模具中,形成铸造组织的过程进行了比较分析。在最大冷却速率为106°С/min的钢连续铸造后,表层区域的微观结构由枝晶组成,枝晶具有一阶和二阶分支,表明它们是由熔体形成的。当用硝酸溶液蚀刻试样表面时,表层区域的微观结构由铁素体、珠光体和单独的马氏体区域表示。在0.5铸锭半径的距离处和样品的中心部分观察到铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体区域的形成,并且在铸锭的中心部分中观察到贝氏体和珠光体的分离区域。当钢进一步冷却到低于Ar3的温度时,会沿着奥氏体晶粒的边界形成过量的铁素体。钢过热至液相线以上50°C和150°C会形成更均匀的结构。根据DSTU 4967:2015,钢中形成的非金属夹杂物不超过1点,并且不是结晶中心——它们在珍珠岩颗粒中观察到。珠光体晶粒中形成了单独的相夹杂物,这有助于钢的精细分散硬化。增加过热温度会导致形成更细的夹杂物,并形成更均匀的结构。楔中间部分过热至50°C后(冷却速度为102-103°C/min),未观察到铁素体形成。在所有过热温度下,珍珠岩都有很好的分化,但在液相线以上的过热温度增加会增强单个夹杂物和珍珠岩的分散性。关键词:碳钢,连铸钢坯,淬火,冷却速度,钢液相线以上过热。
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Rate effect of cooling and overheating above the liquidus line on the formation of structural constituents
In the paper, the comparative analysis of the process of forming a cast structure of carbon steel after termination of its crystallization in continuous cast steel billet with diameter of 450 mm and overheating of steel to 50° C and 150° C above the liquidus line, and further pouring into wedge-shaped molds, is performed. The microstructure of the skin zone after continuous casting of steel with maximum cooling rate of 106 °С/min consists of dendrites, which have branches of the first and second order, indicating their formation from the melt. When etching the surface of the specimens with solution of nitric acid, the microstructure of the skin zone was represented by ferrite, perlite with separate areas of martensite. The formation of ferrite, perlite and bainite areas was observed at a distance of 0.5 ingot radius and in the central part of the samples, and separate areas of bainite and perlite were observed in the central part of the ingot. Upon further cooling of steels below the temperature of Ar3, the formation of excess ferrite along the boundaries of austenitic grains occurs. Overheating of steels to 50° C and 150° C above the liquidus line gives rise to the formation of a more homogeneous structure. Non-metallic inclusions formed in steel do not exceed 1 point according to DSTU 4967:2015and are not the centres of crystallization – they are observed in perlite grains. There is the formation of separate inclusions of phases located in the perlite grain, which contributes to the finely dispersed hardening of steel. Increasing the overheating temperature leads to the formation of more finely divided inclusions and to the formation of a more homogeneous structure. After overheating to 50° C in the middle part of the wedge (cooling rate of 102-103 ° C/min) no ferrite formation is observed. At all overheating temperatures, perlite has a fine differentiation, but increasing in the overheating temperature above the liquidus line enhances the dispersion of both individual inclusions and perlite. Keywords: carbon steel, continuous cast steel billet, hardening, cooling rate, overheating of steels above the liquidus line.
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审稿时长
8 weeks
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