H. Teh, In Jiann Tan, Hong Tak Lim, Y. Ho, C. Ng, Rosmahani Mohd Ali, Jia Nee Ling, W. C. Lim, Gordon Hwa Mang Pang, Hwee Hwee Chua, Faisal Norizan, Norazlina Ibrahim, Chin Eang Goh, Gin Wei Chai, Malarkodi Suppamutharwyam, Melinda Ang, Dyascynthia Musa, Sook Chin Chan, Nurulakmal Obet, Yan Xi Yew, Zhen Aun Yee, Ai Vuen Lee, Way Ti Ooi, H. K. Ho, Yee Leng Lee, Rohilin Justa, Yoong Wah Lee, Hwei Wern Tay, Kuo Zhau Teo, Nor Hakima Makhtar, Ungku Ahmad Ameen Ungku Mohd Zam
{"title":"马来西亚晚期痴呆疼痛评估(PAINAD)量表的多中心验证","authors":"H. Teh, In Jiann Tan, Hong Tak Lim, Y. Ho, C. Ng, Rosmahani Mohd Ali, Jia Nee Ling, W. C. Lim, Gordon Hwa Mang Pang, Hwee Hwee Chua, Faisal Norizan, Norazlina Ibrahim, Chin Eang Goh, Gin Wei Chai, Malarkodi Suppamutharwyam, Melinda Ang, Dyascynthia Musa, Sook Chin Chan, Nurulakmal Obet, Yan Xi Yew, Zhen Aun Yee, Ai Vuen Lee, Way Ti Ooi, H. K. Ho, Yee Leng Lee, Rohilin Justa, Yoong Wah Lee, Hwei Wern Tay, Kuo Zhau Teo, Nor Hakima Makhtar, Ungku Ahmad Ameen Ungku Mohd Zam","doi":"10.3390/psych5030052","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The detection of pain in persons with advanced dementia is challenging due to their inability to verbally articulate the pain they are experiencing. Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) is an observer-rated pain assessment tool developed based on non-verbal expressions of pain for persons with severe dementia. This study aimed to perform construct validation of PAINAD for pain assessment in persons with severe dementia in Malaysia. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from 27 April 2022 to 28 October 2022 in eight public hospitals in Malaysia. The PAINAD scale was the index test, and the Discomfort Scale—Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DS-DAT) and Nurse-Reported Pain Scale (NRPS) were the reference tests for construct and concurrent validity assessment. Pain assessment for the study subjects was performed by two raters concurrently at rest and during activity. The PAINAD score was determined by the first rater, whereas the DS-DAT and NRPS were assessed by the second rater, and they were blinded to each other’s findings to prevent bias. PAINAD showed good positive correlations ranging from 0.325 to 0.715 with DS-DAT and NRPS at rest and during activity, with a p-value of <0.05. It also demonstrated statistically significant differences when comparing pain scores at rest and during activity, pre- and post-intervention. In conclusion, the PAINAD scale is a reliable observer-rated pain assessment tool for persons with severe dementia in Malaysia. It is also sensitive to changes in the pain level during activity and at rest, pre- and post-intervention.","PeriodicalId":93139,"journal":{"name":"Psych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Multi-Center Validation of Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale in Malaysia\",\"authors\":\"H. Teh, In Jiann Tan, Hong Tak Lim, Y. Ho, C. Ng, Rosmahani Mohd Ali, Jia Nee Ling, W. C. Lim, Gordon Hwa Mang Pang, Hwee Hwee Chua, Faisal Norizan, Norazlina Ibrahim, Chin Eang Goh, Gin Wei Chai, Malarkodi Suppamutharwyam, Melinda Ang, Dyascynthia Musa, Sook Chin Chan, Nurulakmal Obet, Yan Xi Yew, Zhen Aun Yee, Ai Vuen Lee, Way Ti Ooi, H. K. Ho, Yee Leng Lee, Rohilin Justa, Yoong Wah Lee, Hwei Wern Tay, Kuo Zhau Teo, Nor Hakima Makhtar, Ungku Ahmad Ameen Ungku Mohd Zam\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/psych5030052\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The detection of pain in persons with advanced dementia is challenging due to their inability to verbally articulate the pain they are experiencing. Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) is an observer-rated pain assessment tool developed based on non-verbal expressions of pain for persons with severe dementia. This study aimed to perform construct validation of PAINAD for pain assessment in persons with severe dementia in Malaysia. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from 27 April 2022 to 28 October 2022 in eight public hospitals in Malaysia. The PAINAD scale was the index test, and the Discomfort Scale—Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DS-DAT) and Nurse-Reported Pain Scale (NRPS) were the reference tests for construct and concurrent validity assessment. Pain assessment for the study subjects was performed by two raters concurrently at rest and during activity. The PAINAD score was determined by the first rater, whereas the DS-DAT and NRPS were assessed by the second rater, and they were blinded to each other’s findings to prevent bias. PAINAD showed good positive correlations ranging from 0.325 to 0.715 with DS-DAT and NRPS at rest and during activity, with a p-value of <0.05. It also demonstrated statistically significant differences when comparing pain scores at rest and during activity, pre- and post-intervention. In conclusion, the PAINAD scale is a reliable observer-rated pain assessment tool for persons with severe dementia in Malaysia. It is also sensitive to changes in the pain level during activity and at rest, pre- and post-intervention.\",\"PeriodicalId\":93139,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Psych\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-07-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Psych\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5030052\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Psych","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5030052","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-Center Validation of Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale in Malaysia
The detection of pain in persons with advanced dementia is challenging due to their inability to verbally articulate the pain they are experiencing. Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) is an observer-rated pain assessment tool developed based on non-verbal expressions of pain for persons with severe dementia. This study aimed to perform construct validation of PAINAD for pain assessment in persons with severe dementia in Malaysia. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from 27 April 2022 to 28 October 2022 in eight public hospitals in Malaysia. The PAINAD scale was the index test, and the Discomfort Scale—Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DS-DAT) and Nurse-Reported Pain Scale (NRPS) were the reference tests for construct and concurrent validity assessment. Pain assessment for the study subjects was performed by two raters concurrently at rest and during activity. The PAINAD score was determined by the first rater, whereas the DS-DAT and NRPS were assessed by the second rater, and they were blinded to each other’s findings to prevent bias. PAINAD showed good positive correlations ranging from 0.325 to 0.715 with DS-DAT and NRPS at rest and during activity, with a p-value of <0.05. It also demonstrated statistically significant differences when comparing pain scores at rest and during activity, pre- and post-intervention. In conclusion, the PAINAD scale is a reliable observer-rated pain assessment tool for persons with severe dementia in Malaysia. It is also sensitive to changes in the pain level during activity and at rest, pre- and post-intervention.