驯鹿是新水牛吗?气候变化、绿色转型与萨米的明显命运

IF 0.2 Q4 WOMENS STUDIES Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4139428
R. Kuokkanen
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引用次数: 3

摘要

摘要:在19世纪的草原上,由于欧洲人的经济和生态入侵,野牛几乎灭绝。如今,在斯堪的纳维亚半岛,驯鹿正受到可再生能源转型的威胁,也被称为绿色转变。“绿色转变”导致了包括挪威在内的许多国家风电行业的爆炸式增长。许多陆上风能开发项目都建在驯鹿放牧的中心地区。这篇文章提出了这样一个问题:驯鹿是否已经成为在建造绿色能源的竞赛中被牺牲的新水牛?它认为驯鹿放牧是一种正在消失的生计,以及普遍存在的“天定命运”的殖民话语,认为土著人民在自然选择和进步的过程中正在消失。本文还考察了女权主义绿色新政(FGND)作为政策框架的一个例子,该框架呼吁采用更广泛的交叉方法,将种族、不平等的权力关系和土著权利置于政策制定的核心。它考虑了FGND是否能够解决和参与定居者殖民主义的轨迹,包括天定命运和绿色殖民主义。这篇文章特别关注挪威在北欧国家能源转型和风能发展中的主导作用。
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Are Reindeer the New Buffalo? Climate Change, the Green Shift, and Manifest Destiny in Sápmi
Abstract:In the nineteenth-century prairies, the buffalo was nearly exterminated as the result of the European economic and ecological invasion. Today in Scandinavia, reindeer are being threatened by the renewable energy transition, also known as the Green Shift. The Green Shift has led to an explosion of the wind industry in many countries, including Norway. Many of the onshore wind development projects have been built in areas central to reindeer herding. This article asks whether reindeer have become the new buffalo that are being sacrificed in the race to build green energies. It considers the view of reindeer herding as a vanishing livelihood and the pervasive colonial discourse of manifest destiny, which sees Indigenous peoples as disappearing in the process of natural selection and progress. The article also examines the Feminist Green New Deal (FGND) as an example of a policy framework calling for a broader intersectional approach that places race, unequal relations of power, and Indigenous rights at the heart of policy making. It considers whether the FGND is able to tackle and engage with the trajectories of settler colonialism, including manifest destiny and green colonialism. The article focuses specifically on Norway for its leading role in the energy transition and wind energy development in the Nordic countries.
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