Main sources of underwater noise from marine vessels, oil & gas production platforms and port infrastructure facilities

Object and purpose of research. This paper is a part of efforts to draft a Russian Federation national standard (Standard), including general description of the man-made underwater noise radiated from marine vessels, oil & gas production platforms and port infrastructure facilities. Materials and methods. The paper is concerned with the sources of underwater noise radiated in the process of marine industry and transportation activities across the Northern Sea Route and other Russian seas. Information about underwater radiated noise, including ice conditions, is based on the analysis of publications and mass media data on this subject, as well as experience of Krylov Centre researchers. Main results. Primary sources of man-made underwater noise radiated from marine vessels, oil & gas production platforms and port infrastructure are assessed. The results are intended to be used for preparation of a draft Standard for regulating the man-made noise across Russian seas. Conclusion. The technical description of marine structures given in the paper makes it possible to identify main vectors of standardization for their underwater noise parameters.