Implementation of agriculture waste for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: its management, future opportunities and challenges

The incineration of agricultural waste (agro-waste) as a fuel or solid fuel results in landfilled ash that in most cases results in an environmental problem in its disposal. We highlighted an excellent overview for the utilization of different types of agricultural waste, such as rice husk and straw, sugarcane bagasse, bamboo leaves, banana peel, onion peel, and other agricultural waste employed for the fabrication of low-cost, environmentally friendly, and high potential range nanomaterials. In this review, we summarized the synthesis process and applications of metal oxide nanomaterials such as ZnO and SiO₂, which are promising value-added material for various purposes, using agricultural waste as raw material. We have also discussed different applications, toxic effects as well as management of agricultural waste by the “3R” strategy of the agricultural waste management system. We conclude this review by suggesting future applications of agricultural waste as well as providing protective measures against global pollution.

Graphical abstract