Current and future approaches in Clostridioides difficile management

Clostridioides difficile is considered one of the main causes of the healthcare associated infections worldwide and the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, with forms of clinical disease ranging from mild to deadly. Both 2021 IDSA and ESCMID guidelines recommend that for the first episode of CDI Fidaxomicin should be considered as the preferred regimen of treatment and Vancomycin becomes 2nd Standard of Care (SOC) line, an alternative to fidaxomicin. Monoclonal antibodies, fecal microbiota transplantation and surgery remain other recommendations in the guidelines. New means of management of Clostridioides difficile infection are under development, these including prevention measures (vaccination, population with non-toxigenic strains of the colon, standardized fecal microbiota products) and new antibiotics.