轮虫在改善鱼塘水质中的作用

T. Gerasimova, A. Sadchikov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

轮虫常见于淡水和微咸水体,以及沿海地区,是分析环境状况的有效工具。在莫斯科附近的一个鱼塘中,在有机人工饲料供应和水温变化的条件下,研究了轮虫的种类组成,考虑了轮虫适应不利环境条件的能力。7月初水温升高(21 ~ 25℃),水体表层至底层溶解氧浓度从3.8 ~ 0.2 mgO/L下降期间,水塘内以长齿盘尾虫(Asplanchna priodonta helvetica)、角轮尾虫(Brachionus angularis angularis)和萼花轮尾虫(Brachionus calyflorus)为主,占轮虫丰度的98 ~ 100%和生物量的99 ~ 100%。温度升高期间,水库上层(0.2 ~ 0.5 m)的浊度指数比深层低一个数量级。细菌和微小颗粒是轮虫的食物。鱼塘温度为18 ~ 25°C,有利于角曲小圆蚧的生长发育。在温度为18℃时,其丰度可达1500 ind./L(轮虫丰度的70%)。8月,当水体温度从20℃降至18℃时,海绒斑姬轮虫生物量从0.3 mg/L降至9.5 mg/L,占轮虫生物量的99%。小轮虫中以多关节虫为主。低温期轮虫生物量增加至20 mg/L;它的基础是A. priodonta helvetica。轮虫能够适应高有机输入和大范围温度的条件,并参与鱼塘水质的恢复。
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The role of rotifer in water quality improvement in a fishpond
Rotifers are common in fresh and brackish water bodies, in coastal areas of the seas, and can be an effective tool for analyzing the state of the environment. The ability of rotifers to adapt to unfavourable environmental conditions has been considered in the course of studying the species composition of rotifers in a fish pond near Moscow under the conditions of the supply of organic artificial food for fish and changes in the temperature regime of water. During the period of increased temperature of the water (21-25 °C) and decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen from the surface to the bottom layers of water from 3.8 to 0.2 mgO/L in early July, Asplanchna priodonta helvetica , Brachionus angularis angularis and Brachionus calyciflorus dominated in the pond (98-100 % of the abundance and 99-100 % of the biomass of rotifers). During the period of elevated temperatures, the turbidity indices in the upper layer (0.2-0.5 m) were an order of magnitude lower than those in the deeper layers of the reservoir. Bacteria and tiny particles served as food for rotifers. The temperature of 18-25 °C was favourable for the development of B. angularis angularis in the fish pond. At a temperature of 18 °C, its abundance reached 1,500 ind./L (70 % of the abundance of rotifers). In August, when the temperature of the water column decreased from 20 to 18 °C, the biomass of A. priodonta helvetica changed from 0.3 to 9.5 mg/L (99 % of the biomass of rotifers). Polyarthra vulgaris dominated among small rotifers. During the period of low temperatures, the biomass of rotifers increased to 20 mg/L; its basis was A. priodonta helvetica. Rotifers are able to adapt to conditions of high organic input in a wide range of temperatures and participate in the restoration of water quality in a fish pond.
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