青少年田径运动员的人体测量、体能表现和专项投掷力量:年龄、性别和运动纪律

IF 2.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Applied Sciences-Basel Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI:10.3390/app131810118
Yifan Zhao, Kewei Zhao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:本研究的目的是:(1)了解14-18岁男孩和女孩投掷运动员的人体测量、身体素质和特定投掷力量特征;(2) 评估哪些因素随年龄而变化,哪些因素与特定投掷力量相关;(3) 以识别最能预测特定投掷强度的测量变量。方法:于2022年9月对来自U15、U16、U17、U18四个年龄组的154名男孩和104名女孩参加田径投掷(铅球、标枪、圆盘和链球)的人体测量、体能和专项投掷力量进行测量。通过参数检验和非参数检验,分析了不同年龄、性别和投掷组之间参数的差异和相关性。多元线性回归分析被用来确定最能解释具体投掷强度的变量。结果:同龄男孩和女孩之间的身高差异一直存在,然而,随着年龄的增长,体重的差异往往会减少。相同年龄组的男孩和女孩在速度、灵活性和跳跃能力方面表现出显著的差异。随着年龄的增长,这些差异往往会扩大。不同年龄的男孩在身高(p=0.038)、体重(p=0.02)、BMI(p=0.025)、坐伸测试(p=0.035)、站立跳远(p=0.012)、站立三级跳(p<0.01)、前仰健身球投掷(p=0.002)和六边形敏捷性测试(p<0.01)方面存在显著差异,但在六边形敏捷性测试(p=0.017)和平板测试(p=0.041)中存在差异。投掷专项力量因项目、年龄和性别的差异而存在差异。此外,身体素质表现,尤其是下肢力量、直线冲刺速度、前仰投药球和后仰投铅球,与特定投掷力量有很高的相关性。结论:这些发现拓宽了教练和练习者现有的知识基础,使他们能够辨别田径运动员的独特特征,并捕捉到对培养田径运动员进步至关重要的关键身体标志。研究表明,14至18岁的投掷运动员应努力全面培养自己的运动能力。
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Anthropometric Measurements, Physical Fitness Performance and Specific Throwing Strength in Adolescent Track-and-Field Throwers: Age, Sex and Sport Discipline
Purpose: The aims of this study were: (1) to profile anthropometric, physical fitness, and specific throwing strength characteristics among 14–18 years boys and girls throwers; (2) to evaluate which factors vary with age, and which correlate with specific throwing strength; (3) to identify the measured variables that best predict specific throwing strength. Methods: Anthropometric, physical fitness, and specific throwing strength of 154 boys and 104 girls, who participated in track-and-field throw (Shot put, Javelin, Discus and Hammer throw) from four age categories (U15, U16, U17, U18), were measured in September 2022. The differences and correlations in parameters among different age, sex and throwing groups were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric testing. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify the variables that best explain the specific throwing strength. Results: Disparities in height between boys and girls of the same age have consistently existed, however, the dissimilarity in weight tends to diminish as they grow older. Boys and girls of identical age groups exhibit noteworthy disparities in terms of speed, agility, and jumping prowess. These disparities tend to amplify as they advance in age. Significant differences were observed among boys of different ages in Height (p = 0.038), Body Mass (p = 0.02), BMI (p = 0.025), sit and reach test (p = 0.035), standing long jump (p = 0.012), standing triple jump (p < 0.01), forward overhead medicine ball throw (p = 0.002) and the hexagon agility test (p < 0.01). No differences were found in anthropometric measurements among girls, but differences were found in the hexagon agility test (p = 0.017) and plank test (p = 0.041). Specific throwing strength exhibits variations due to differences in events, age, and gender. Additionally, physical fitness performance, especially lower limb power, linear sprint speed, forward overhead medicine ball throw and backward overhead shot throw, have a high correlation with specific throwing strength. Conclusions: These findings broaden the existing knowledge base for coaches and practitioners, enabling them to discern the distinctive attributes of track and field throwers and capture the crucial physical markers that are pivotal for nurturing the progression of track-and-field throwers. The study suggests that throwers aged 14 to 18 should strive to comprehensively cultivate their athletic abilities.
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来源期刊
Applied Sciences-Basel
Applied Sciences-Basel CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMATERIALS SCIE-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
11.10%
发文量
10882
期刊介绍: Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417) provides an advanced forum on all aspects of applied natural sciences. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.
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