口腔健康不佳和脆弱是社区获得性肺炎的危险因素。案例研究-控制

Q4 Medicine Atencion Primaria Practica Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.appr.2022.100149

Francesc Rodríguez , Marta Faixó , Mireia Ardila , Ramón Boixeda , Mateu Serra-Prat , Jordi Almirall

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的探讨口腔健康状况不佳和身体虚弱是否是成人社区获得性肺炎的危险因素。设计病例对照研究，人群≥18岁。研究对象为Mataró医院住院的肺炎病例，与同性别、同年龄(±5岁)、近12个月未患肺炎且访视住院亲属的对照组相匹配。参与者在两年内(2018年6月1日至2020年5月31日)，确定并招募了102例CAP入院患者和102例对照组。所有参与者都签署了参与研究的同意书，收集了社会人口学、人体测量变量、合并症、功能能力、有毒习惯、疫苗接种和吞咽障碍。主要测量方法:采用一般口腔健康评估指数(General Oral health Assessment Index)评估口腔健康，用虚弱测试评估衰弱程度，用EUROQ-5D测试评估生活质量。结果肺炎与口腔健康指数≤57 (OR 4.63)、身体虚弱(OR 18.5)、最近3个月就诊(OR 0.42)、每日刷牙(OR 0.26)和个人护理问题(OR 3.29)相关。多变量分析显示，肺炎的出现与口腔健康状况不佳(OR为6.16)、曾经吸烟(OR为5.65)和身体虚弱(OR为49.7)之间存在独立关联。结论体弱多病和口腔健康状况不佳是CAP的独立危险因素。

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La mala salud bucodental y la fragilidad son factores de riesgo de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Estudio de casos-control

Objective

To determine if poor oral health and frailty are risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults.

Design

Case-control study in a population ≥ 18 years.

Place

The cases of pneumonia admitted to the Hospital of Mataró were matched with controls of the same sex and age (± 5 years) who had not had pneumonia in the last 12 months and who were visiting admitted relatives.

Participants

During two years (June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2020) 102 cases of patients admitted with CAP and 102 controls were identified and recruited.

Interventions

All participants gave their signed consent to participate in the study, sociodemographic, anthropometric variables, comorbidities, functional capacity, toxic habits, vaccinations and swallowing disorders were collected.

Main Measurements

Oral health was assessed with the General Oral Health Assessment Index, frailty with the FRAIL test, and quality of life with the EUROQ-5D test.

Results

Bivariate analysis: pneumonia is associated with an oral health index ≤ 57 (OR 4.63), being frail (OR 18.5), dental visit in the last 3 months (OR 0.42), daily tooth brushing (OR 0.26) and having some personal care problem (OR 3.29). The multivariate analysis shows an independent association between the appearance of pneumonia and poor oral health (OR 6.16), being a former smoker (OR 5.65) and being frail (OR 49.7).