新兴市场国家的经济结构转型

Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI:10.1177/09749101211004614
Kunling Zhang
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文从工业、贸易和城市化三个维度分析了30个新兴市场国家(E30)的结构转型。研究发现,首先,在农业部门,E30对全球农业生产率的提高以及劳动力从农业部门向工业或服务业的转移做出了巨大贡献。然而,这些国家的农业就业率仍然很高,这意味着农业劳动力转移的空间很大。第二,在工业领域,E30为世界工业发展做出了显著贡献,但也呈现出过早“去工业化”的趋势。第三,服务业加快发展,逐渐成为E30经济发展的新动力。在此背景下,E30面临着如何应对过早的去工业化,并将经济增长引擎从工业部门平稳转移到服务部门的重大挑战。第四,E30已成为世界贸易中的重要力量,其贸易结构从简单、初级、低附加值的商品转向复杂、高级、高附加值的货物和服务。然而,一些新兴市场国家由于高度依赖外贸和贸易结构不当,更容易受到逆全球化趋势的影响。因此,如何实现经济多元化,增强经济韧性,是E30经济可持续发展的关键。第五,E30为世界城市化做出了巨大贡献。由于城市化更多地依赖于服务业而不是工业部门,因此必须在工业化和城市化以及工业化和服务业发展之间取得适当的平衡。
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Economic Structural Transformation in Emerging Market Countries
This article analyzes the structural transformation in 30 emerging market countries (E30) on the dimensions of industry, trade, and urbanization. It finds that first, in the agricultural sector, E30 have contributed greatly to the increase of the global agricultural productivity and the transfer of labor force from the agricultural sector to industry or the service sector. However, these countries still feature a high percentage of agricultural employment, which means there is vast room for shifting the agricultural labor force. Second, in the industrial sector, E30 have made remarkable contributions to the world’s industrial development but have also displayed a trend of premature “deindustrialization.” Third, the service sector has picked up speed and gradually turned into a new driver of economic development in E30. Against this backdrop, E30 face the major challenge of how to cope with the premature deindustrialization and smoothly shift the economic growth engine from the industrial sector to the service sector. Fourth, E30 have become an important force in the world trade, with their trade structure switching from simple, primary, low-value-added goods to sophisticated, high-grade, and high-value-added goods and services. However, some emerging market countries are more susceptible to the impacts of the anti-globalization trend because of their high reliance on foreign trade and improper trade structure. Therefore, how to diversify the economy and enhance its economic resilience holds the key to the sustainable economic development of E30. Fifth, E30 have contributed greatly to world urbanization. As urbanization relies more on the service sector than on the industrial sector, it is vital to properly strike a balance between industrialization and urbanization, and between industrialization and service sector development.
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来源期刊
Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies
Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies Economics, Econometrics and Finance-Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies is a peer-reviewed journal. The aim of the journal is to provide an international platform for knowledge sharing, discussion and networking on the various aspects related to emerging market economies through publications of original research. It aims to make available basic reference material for policy-makers, business executives and researchers interested in issues of fundamental importance to the economic prospects and performance of emerging market economies. The topics for discussion are related to the following general categories: D. Microeconomics E. Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics F. International Economics G. Financial Economics H. Public Economics I. Health, Education, and Welfare J. Labor and Demographic Economics L. Industrial Organization O. Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth Q. Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics R. Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics Additionally, the journal would be most interested to publish topics related to Global Financial Crisis and the Impact on Emerging Market Economies Economic Development and Inclusive Growth Climate Change and Energy Infrastructure Development and Public Private Partnerships Capital Flows to and from Emerging Market Economies Regional Cooperation Trade and Investment and Development of National and Regional Financial Markets The Belt and Road Initiative.
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