对SARS-CoV-2感染和新冠肺炎疫苗的免疫反应

B. R. Sharma, P. Ravindra
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引用次数: 1

摘要

2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)目前是一个主要的公共卫生问题,对世界各地的生计造成了毁灭性的社会、经济和心理损害。新冠肺炎最严重的不仅是急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),它还导致多器官衰竭、感染后的继发性影响以及死亡。病毒的快速变异能力和高传播率导致了新变种的出现,也导致了突破性感染的发生。有证据表明,接种新冠肺炎疫苗可有效预防疾病、住院和死亡的严重程度。疫苗的效力取决于多种因素,包括宿主产生强大和可持续免疫反应的能力、病毒基因组突变的能力,以及疫苗剂量、储存、给药时间表等程序性因素,描述了宿主对感染的免疫反应,以及不同类型的新冠肺炎疫苗,包括疫苗效力和不良反应。
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Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a major public health concern causing devastating sociological, economic, and psychological damage to livelihood all over the world. The most intense severity of COVID-19 is not only acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it also causes multi-organ failure, the post-infection secondary effect as well as death. The fast-mutating ability and high transmissibility rate of the virus cause emergence of the new variants and also the occurrence of breakthrough infections. Evidence suggests that vaccination against COVID-19 has been effective at preventing the severity of illness, hospitalization, and death. The efficacy of vaccines depends on multiple factors including the host’s ability to mount a robust and sustainable immune response, the virus’s ability to mutate its genome, and programmatic factors such as vaccine dose, storage, dosing schedules, etc. In this article, an overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its pathogenesis, host immune responses to infection, and different type of COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccine efficacy and adverse effects are described.
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