Taxonomy of Various Routing Protocols of IoT-Based on Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare: Review

– In recent decades, the world's largest sector has undergone enormous transformations with the emergence of a new platform, denoted as 'healthcare' and based on the IoT (Internet of Things). Numerous hospital administrators are increasing their investment in converting existing activities to maximize the benefits of IoT, creating the foundation for the wireless healthcare system through a vast network of sensing devices and equipment. The wireless sensor system comprises minimal sensor equipment with limited processing capacity. IoT-based WSN systems are beneficial for smart healthcare. Healthcare has become one of the WSN (wireless sensor network)-based IoT application fields that have attracted much more attention from corporate, government sources, etc in the past few years. In the medical industry, the growth of IoT enhances patient safety, employee engagement, and productivity improvement for the overall system. Healthcare-based IoT wireless sensor systems for patients have several benefits: tracking and alerting, patient information management, remotely assisting the healthcare system, etc. In the context of wireless sensor healthcare systems utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the infrastructure encompasses a range of essential elements. These include sensing devices responsible for data collection, communication protocols facilitating data transmission, data storage devices for retaining collected information, and subscribers who access and utilize the acquired data. The IoT framework in healthcare systems comprises three fundamental components: the publisher, broker, and subscriber. The publisher is known for sensors and wearable devices. Brokers process the sensing data and then make it available to subscribers. The three components are connected via a wireless connection like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc. The routing protocols are used for wireless connections in healthcare based on IoT systems. There are various categories of routing protocols used in the wireless healthcare network. This paper discusses various routing protocols with types, and comparison tables of routing protocols are depicted. A comprehensive review of healthcare-based IoT applications and an advanced medical care system benefits doctors and patients. The experts monitor ECG (electrocardiography), blood pressure, temperature, etc. The comparison of several methods based on throughput, E2D (end-to-end) delay, consumption, and data packet delay ratio (PDR) is depicted in this paper for a better understanding of the existing systems.