Citation network analysis

ABSTRACT Knowledge is socially constructed, and one way that researchers convey knowledge is through citation practices within research texts to illustrate the foundation upon which current research is designed and results interpreted. Citation network analysis (CNA) is a review method that seeks to map the scientific structure of a field of research as a function of citation practices. Generally speaking, research texts that receive more citations from others symbolizes a degree of prominence to a field of study; however, the more common approaches to synthesizing research in the form of a review (e.g. meta-analyses, systematic reviews) are not able to capture these underlying metrics. Given that CNA is relatively new to the field of sport and exercise psychology, we first provide an overview of the method, including a brief review of network theory, existing research in the field of sport and exercise psychology, and some of the important limitations to consider. Then, we offer a series of guidelines to direct CNA reviews from the conception of a research question to the visualization of a citation network. Finally, we conclude the review with an overview of recent methodological advancements with potential to expand research questions and benefit future citation network research.