Engage, Enthuse, Empower: A Framework for Promoting Self-Sufficiency in Athletes

ABSTRACT The coach-athlete relationship is foundational to the success of the strength and conditioning (S&C) program. By better understanding and applying psychosocial principles, the S&C coach can augment their impact on performance. However, coaches should seek to look beyond just performance. This article aims to put forward the case for a novel philosophical coaching framework that emphasizes the development of autonomy and self-sufficiency in athletes. Autonomous, self-sufficient athletes are likely to be more resilient, perform to a higher level, and be better prepared for life after competitive sport. It is proposed that the “Three E's” are the foundational components of this novel framework. (a) Engage athletes by promoting active involvement, providing an appropriate challenge, and understanding their values. (b) Enthuse athletes by promoting positive affect, setting them up to experience success, and facilitating positive social interaction. (c) Empower athletes by promoting autonomy, periodizing self-government of their program, and providing the rationale to explain recommendations or prescriptions. The framework's objectives are to maximize athletes' internal drive, help athletes understand the basic principles of S&C, and encourage athletes to make positive behavioral choices.