波函数连续自发局部化模型的褒贬

Sofia D. Wechsler
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引用次数: 6

摘要

通过否认坍缩原理并用量子形式的变化来代替它来解决量子力学(QM)的测量问题的不同尝试都失败了,因为形式的变化导致了与QM预测的矛盾。不同的是,Ghirardi、Rimini和Weber将坍塌视为一种真实现象,并提出了一种使波函数发生突然局部化的微积分。后来,Ghirardi、Pearle和Rimini将这种演算转变为CSL(连续自发定位)崩溃模型。这两个建议都依赖于实验事实,即当微观系统遇到宏观物体并涉及大量粒子时,波函数就会减少。它们还通过在薛定谔方程中引入具有噪声行为的附加项来改变量子形式。然而,只要所研究的系统仅包含一个或几个组件,这些术语实际上就没有影响。只有当分量的数量非常大时,这些项才会变得重要,并导致波函数减少到它的一个分量。本工作有两个目的:1)证明坍塌假设是不可避免的;2) 将CSL模型应用于检测器中的过程,并逐步显示波函数的修改,直到减少。作为一个次要的细节,这里认为噪声不可能起源于某个经典场,这与一些物理学家的想法/希望相反,因为没有一个经典场是由纠缠的波函数定制的。
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In Praise and in Criticism of the Model of Continuous Spontaneous Localization of the Wave-Function
Different attempts to solve the measurement problem of the quantum mechanics (QM) by denying the collapse principle, and replacing it with changes in the quantum formalism, failed because the changes in the formalism lead to contradictions with QM predictions. To the difference, Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber took the collapse as a real phenomenon, and proposed a calculus by which the wave-function should undergo a sudden localization. Later on, Ghirardi, Pearle and Rimini came with a change of this calculus into the CSL (continuous spontaneous localization) model of collapse. Both these proposals rely on the experimental fact that the reduction of the wave-function occurs when the microscopic system encounters a macroscopic object and involves a big amount of its particles. Both of them also change the quantum formalism by introducing in the Schrodinger equation additional terms with noisy behavior. However, these terms have practically no influence as long as the studied system contains only one or a few components. Only when the amount of components is very big, these terms become significant and lead to the reduction of the wave-function to one of its components. The present work has two purposes: 1) proving that the collapse postulate is unavoidable; 2) applying the CSL model to the process in a detector and showing step by step the modification of the wave-function, until reduction. As a side detail, it is argued here that the noise cannot originate in some classical field, contrary to the thought/hope of some physicists, because no classical field is tailored by the wave-functions of entanglements.
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