A Comparative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris using Three Rotary and One Reciprocating Instrumentation Ni‑Ti Systems: An in Vitro Study

Introduction: Chemomechanical preparation of root aims to eliminate the inflamed and necrotic tissue with infected dentine. This process may produce some debris extruded apically. The aim of our study was to compare and to assess the amount debris extruded apically by using four different single files systems. Materials and methods: Forty mandibular premolars which were cut to the cementoenamel junction with a diamond disk to similar lengths. Glass vials were pre-weighed and used to collect debris. The samples were divided into four groups: Group A (HyFlex EDM), Group B (AF Blue S-One), Group C (WaveOne Gold) and Group D (XPS). We used distilled water for irrigation. All canals were prepared to the size #25, then the vials were placed in hot air oven at 180°C for 5 h for evaporation of debris. Then vials containing dry debris were weighed again. The final mass of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of initial empty vial from vial containing dry debris. ANOVA and LSD tests were applied to analyse data. Results: According to the results obtained in this study, all the tested files caused extrusion of debris apically. A highly significant difference was observed between all groups (P < 0.01). The highest value for debris extrusion was observed in rotary HyFlex EDM (0.03693 gm), whereas reciprocating C group (WaveOne Gold) showed the lowest value (0.01938 gm). Conclusion: The continuous rotary files caused less debris when compared with reciprocating one. Also all systems caused some degree of apical extrusion.