尼克松-基辛格时期的美国与战略武器限制:建立一个稳定的国际体系?

IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of Cold War Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.1162/jcws_a_01104
Marc Trachtenberg
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引用次数: 0

摘要

20世纪70年代初,限制战略武器谈判在美苏关系中发挥了重要作用。本文根据近年来可用的重要证据,重新评估了SALT过程的某些方面。关键问题是,美国在SALT谈判中的政策是否植根于战略稳定理论——也就是说,这两个大国都应该制定一项安排,保证双方战略核力量的生存能力和有效性,从而减少双方在危机中首先发动打击的动机。美国对SALT的政策植根于该理论的说法本质上是一个神话——尽管这个神话产生了重要的政治后果。20世纪70年代的SALT进程,由理查德·M·尼克松政府时期的决定决定,为美国在20世纪80年代初加强对苏政策铺平了道路——这几乎不是核军备控制支持者十年前所希望的结果。
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The United States and Strategic Arms Limitation during the Nixon-Kissinger Period: Building a Stable International System?
Abstract The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) played a key role in U.S.-Soviet relations in the early 1970s. This article reassesses some aspects of the SALT process in the light of important evidence that has become available in recent years. The key question is whether U.S. policy in the SALT negotiations was rooted in strategic stability theory—that is, in the idea that both major powers should work out an arrangement that would guarantee the survivability and effectiveness of both sides’ strategic nuclear forces, thereby reducing whatever incentive either of them might have to strike first in a crisis. The notion that U.S. policy on SALT was rooted in that theory is essentially a myth—although a myth that had important political consequences. The SALT process of the 1970s, as shaped by decisions made during the administration of Richard M. Nixon, helped pave the way for the hardening of U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union in the early 1980s—scarcely the result supporters of nuclear arms control had been hoping for a decade earlier.
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1.20
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44
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