经验在沃尔夫“德意志形而上学”中的方法与作用

K. Engelhard
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引用次数: 4

摘要

本文的主要论点是,在克里斯蒂安·沃尔夫的《德意志形而上学》中,经验知识来源即使不是基础作用,也发挥着重要作用,归纳推理方法得到了广泛应用。作者认为,经验自我意识起着基础作用,沃尔夫时代经验科学的经验证据、现象和科学理论被用于推理目的。沃尔夫还利用归纳推理,即溯因到经验现象的隐藏原因,并推论到最好或唯一可能的解释。因此,沃尔夫的《德意志形而上学》是当代意义上归纳形而上学的一种预示和一个有趣的例子。从这个当代的角度来看,沃尔夫以一种不同的方式区分了有效的绑架和推测性的绑架,但它也不同于他更以经验为导向的同时代人。
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Methods and Roles of Experience in Christian Wolff’s “Deutsche Metaphysik”
The main thesis of this article is that in Christian Wolff’s Deutsche Metaphysik, empirical sources of knowledge play important if not foundational roles and that inductive methods of reasoning are extensively applied. It is argued that experiential self-awareness plays a foundational role and that empirical evidence, phenomena, and scientific theories from the empirical sciences of Wolff’s time are used for inferential purposes. Wolff also makes use of inductive reasoning, i.e., abduction to hidden causes of empirical phenomena, and inferences to the best or to the only possible explanation. Wolff’s Deutsche Metaphysik is therefore a prefiguration and an interesting case of inductive metaphysics in the contemporary sense. From this contemporary perspective, Wolff draws the distinction between valid and speculative abductions in a different way – but it is also different from that of his more empirically oriented contemporaries.
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