Chrysoporthe puriensis causing canker and mortality in Pleroma mutabile in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Fungi of the Cryphonectriaceae family are globally known to be tree pathogens. In Brazil, several species of Chrysoporthe have been found causing stem and branch cankers in Pleroma (= Tibouchina) spp. Recently, Chrysoporthe puriensis was described as a new species causing stem and branch cankers in Pleroma granulosum, Pleroma candolleanum, and Pleroma heteromallum, all native species of the Melastomataceae family. During an investigation to collect isolates of the Cryphonectriaceae family in an important Brazilian biome, the Atlantic Forest, in Serra do Mar, structures typical of Chrysoporthe species were found in a different host, Pleroma mutabile. Fruiting bodies present in the bark of these trees were collected and isolated. The isolates were submitted on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin gene regions using Maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and Maximum parsimony methods. The isolates collected, for this study, were identified as C. puriensis. Pathogenicity tests on seedlings of Pleroma species and Eucalyptus clones revealed C. puriensis can infect and cause canker in these plant species as mortality. The results demonstrate the importance of delimiting the C. puriensis collection range to track its dissemination in other hosts. No host specificity was observed in the inoculation tests, suggesting this is an important finding, the pathogen causes diseases and mortality in several plants of the Atlantic Forest. Additionally, the pathogen can affect others hosts, such as Eucalyptus clones in commercial plantations.