马拉维的生态变化、农业发展和粮食生产:史学回顾

IF 0.3 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Strategic Review for Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI:10.35293/srsa.v41i2.307
B. Nkhoma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

鉴于其经济意义,农业一直是马拉维历史学术的中心。然而,尽管这项奖学金为马拉维的发展做出了重大贡献,但却没有努力系统地重建马拉维的农业史学。因此,本文总结了自20世纪50年代中期以来,历史学家在该国农业史研究方面取得的进展。最终目标不仅是建立可以被视为该国农业史学的地方,而且是建立粮食生产地,这已成为大多数马拉维农民粮食安全的一个重要方面。在评估了早期的著作后,该研究发现,马拉维的农业史学在当时的政治和经济思想的推动下,在现代化、欠发达和社会历史学派的传统之后,在概念上发生了演变。这里有人认为,尽管对殖民主义和资本主义扰乱农民粮食经济的过程提出了强有力的论据,但史学界几乎没有努力探索通过这一过程出现的农民粮食生产模式,除了那些试图了解饥荒和饥饿增长的研究。尽管马拉维的案例在许多方面与南部非洲的农业史学产生了共鸣,但它已经超越了小农户灌溉农业,尽管它被全球公认为在不断变化的气候中维持粮食生产的灵丹妙药,但即使在占主导地位的地区气候史学中,它的研究也不足。
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Ecological Change, Agricultural Development and Food Production in Malawi: a Historiographical Review
Given its economic significance, agriculture has been at the centre of historical scholarship in Malawi. Yet despite the significant contribution this scholarship has made to the country’s development, there has been no effort to systematically reconstruct Malawi’s agricultural historiography. This article, therefore, takes stock of the progress that has been made by historians on research in the country’s agricultural history since the mid-1950s. The ultimate goal is to establish not only what might be regarded as the country’s agricultural historiography, but also the place of food production, which has become an important food security aspect of most Malawian peasants. After assessing the earlier works, the study observes that Malawi has an agricultural historiography which, prompted by the political and economic thoughts of the time, has conceptually evolved after the traditions of modernisation, underdevelopment and social history schools. It is argued here that, despite raising a strong case about the processes by which colonialism and capitalism disrupted peasant food economies, the historiography has made little effort to explore the patterns of peasant food production that emerged through this process, except for those studies that sought to understand the growth of famine and hunger. While resonating in many respects with the agricultural historiography of southern Africa, the Malawi case has gone beyond to include smallholder irrigation farming, which despite being globally recognised as a panacea for maintaining food production in the changing climate, has been under researched even in the dominating regional climate historiography.
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