“外国人在这个国家不是一个人”:南非二线城市的仇外心理和非正规部门

Urban transformations Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-19 DOI:10.1186/s42854-022-00046-4
Godfrey Tawodzera, Jonathan Crush
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引用次数: 0

摘要

南非各大城市不时发生针对来自其他国家的移民和难民的大规模仇外暴力事件。在这些袭击中,非正规部门的企业及其移民业主和雇员尤其容易成为攻击目标。移民拥有的企业也经常成为小规模抢劫和破坏财产的目标。关于南非仇外暴力和仇外态度的特点和原因,目前已有大量文献,其中大部分是基于对南非主要大都市地区的定量和定性研究。大城市仇外心理的后果之一是移民寻找替代市场和更安全的空间,包括迁移到南非许多较小的城市中心。本文探讨的问题是,他们在这些城镇是受到欢迎,还是遭受与大城市相同的伤害。本文首次系统地研究了这一问题,重点关注林波波省的一些城镇以及那里非正规部门移民的经历。通过调查证据以及对移民和南非商贩的深入访谈和焦点小组,本文表明仇外心理在这些较小的中心也很普遍,其表现形式与大城市既有相同之处,也有不同之处。本文的研究结果对其他试图应对仇外心理抬头的国家具有更广泛的意义。
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'A foreigner is not a person in this country': xenophobia and the informal sector in South Africa's secondary cities.

South Africa's major cities are periodically wracked by large-scale xenophobic violence directed at migrants and refugees from other countries. Informal sector businesses and their migrant owners and employees are particularly vulnerable targets during these attacks. Migrant-owned businesses are also targeted on a regular basis in smaller-scale looting and destruction of property. There is now a large literature on the characteristics and causes of xenophobic violence and attitudes in South Africa, most of it based on quantitative and qualitative research in the country's major metropolitan areas. One of the consequences of big-city xenophobia has been a search for alternative markets and safer spaces by migrants, including relocating to the country's many smaller urban centres. The question addressed in this paper is whether they are welcomed in these cities and towns or subject to the same kinds of victimization as in large cities. This paper is the first to systematically examine this question by focusing on a group of towns in Limpopo Province and the experiences of migrants in the informal sector there. Through survey evidence and in-depth interviews and focus groups with migrant and South African vendors, the paper demonstrates that xenophobia is also pervasive in these smaller centres, in ways that both echo and differ from that in the large cities. The findings in this paper have broader significance for other countries attempting to deal with the rise of xenophobia.

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