Anti-angiogenic therapy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema in various variants of the vitreoretinal interface

BACKGROUND: Anti-angiogenic therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME), recognized as the gold standard, is not always effective. When compensating for the general somatic status, it is necessary to search for local causes of DME resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. AIM: To study the effectiveness and features of anti-angiogenic therapy for DME in normal and pathological vitreoretinal interface (VRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who received anti-angiogenic therapy for 12 months, in addition to the standard examination, underwent optical coherence tomography with an assessment of morphometric parameters and VRI. RESULTS: In addition to the groups of normal and pathological VRI, a group of transformation from pathological to normal VRI was identified. Visual acuity increases with normal VRI, decreases with pathological. OCT scores decrease in both groups. In the transformation group, an increase in vision and a decrease in OCT parameters were observed only after VRI transformation. CONCLUSION: The pathologic condition of the VRI reduces effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy for DME, except for 10% of cases in which VRI is transformed into normal within 5-6 months from the start of treatment. These data should be taken into account when choosing a treatment strategy for DME.