2005-2008年斯瓦尔巴群岛鳍足类动物和北极熊的分布和栖息地特征

IF 1.9 4区 地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY Polar Research Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI:10.33265/POLAR.V40.5326
O. Bengtsson, Charmain D. Hamilton, C. Lydersen, Magnus Andersen, K. Kovacs
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引用次数: 6

摘要

这项研究根据区域海洋哺乳动物目击计划,对斯瓦尔巴群岛周围鳍足类动物和北极熊(Ursus maritimus)的当前分布进行了全面的测绘,并探讨了时间趋势(2005-2018)。海象(Odobenus rosmarus)在之前确定的运输地点周围被观察到,频率很高,数量也很高。在海上,人们在靠近海岸的浅水区看到了海象。在斯瓦尔巴群岛的沿海地区观察到环斑海豹(Pusa hispida),通常与潮水冰川前缘有关。环斑海豹的平均纬度没有增加,但在82°N左右的观测频率有所增加,这反映了它们在夏季觅食期间冰缘向北移动。在斯匹次卑尔根西北部经常观察到有胡子的海豹(Erignathus barbatus),它们与环状海豹有许多共同的栖息地特征。在群岛南部,胡须海豹的平均观测纬度略有上升,观测频率下降,这表明该物种可能正在改变其分布。峡湾内对海狗(Phoca vitulina)的观察有所增加,这可能是大西洋海水流入西海岸峡湾增加的结果。在斯瓦尔巴群岛以北频繁观察到竖琴海豹(Pagophilus groenlandicus)。很少观察到带帽海豹(嵴囊藻)。北极熊被报道的频率最高,这无疑是有利于该物种的努力偏见的结果。尽管存在偏见,但基于公民的观察对于评估海洋哺乳动物随时间的广泛分布模式是有用的。
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Distribution and habitat characteristics of pinnipeds and polar bears in the Svalbard Archipelago, 2005–2018
This study presents comprehensive mapping of the current distribution of pinnipeds and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) around Svalbard based on a regional marine mammal sightings programme and explores time-trends (2005–2018). Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) were observed with high frequency and in high numbers around previously identified haul-out sites. At-sea walruses were seen close to the coast in shallow waters. Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) were observed in coastal areas throughout Svalbard, often in association with tidewater glacier fronts. There was no increase in the mean latitude for ringed seal observations, but there was an increased frequency of observations at around 82°N, which reflects their following a northward shift in the ice edge during summer foraging trips. Bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) were observed frequently in north-western Spitsbergen and shared many habitat features with ringed seals. There was a slight increase in the mean latitude of bearded seal observations and a decreased frequency of observation in the southern parts of the archipelago, suggesting that this species might be shifting its distribution. Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) observations within fjords have increased, likely as a consequence of increased inflow of Atlantic water into west coast fjords. Harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) were observed with high frequency north of Svalbard. Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) were observed only rarely. Polar bears were reported most frequently, undoubtedly as a result of an effort bias favouring this species. In spite of biases, citizen-based observations are useful for assessing broad distributional patterns of marine mammals through time.
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来源期刊
Polar Research
Polar Research 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
5.30%
发文量
22
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Since 1982, Polar Research has been the international, peer-reviewed journal of the Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway''s central institution for research, environmental monitoring and mapping of the polar regions. Aiming to promote the exchange of scientific knowledge about the Arctic and Antarctic across disciplinary boundaries, Polar Research serves an international community of researchers and managers. As an open-access journal, Polar Research makes its contents freely available to the general public. Original primary research papers comprise the mainstay of Polar Research. Review articles, brief research notes, letters to the editor and book reviews are also included. Special issues are published from time to time. The scope of Polar Research encompasses research in all scientific disciplines relevant to the polar regions. These include, but are not limited to, the subfields of biology, ecology, geology, oceanography, glaciology and atmospheric science. Submissions from the social sciences and those focusing on polar management and policy issues are welcome. Contributions about Antarctica are particularly encouraged.
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