The effect of implant length and diameter on primary stability of tilted implant on D4 bone density: An in vitro study

Aim: To determine the effect of implant length and diameter on the primary stability of tilted dental implant and D4 bone density. Materials and Methods: Superline implant with different lengths (12 mm and 14 mm) and diameters (4 mm and 5 mm) as well as the path of placement inclinations (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) were used in this true experimental study design with 48 samples and allocated into 16 groups with repeated three times (based on Federer’s formula). Artificial polyurethane bone blocks, 20 pounds per cubic foot (0.32 g/cm3), were prepared, and each implant was inserted following the manufacturer’s instruction. Primary implant stability was measured using Osstell tool. The procedure was repeated three times for each implant at four different 90° orientation or from buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal. The mean value for implant stability quotient (ISQ) was calculated using statistical analysis. Data distributed normally, and univariate analysis of variance was the statistical formula used to calculate any differences in the primary stability values of each group. Post hoc test was further utilized as a t-test to compare each group, which showed good scores for the primary stability. Results: The results of this study reveal that there was a significant difference in the primary stability of tilted implant at different lengths and diameters. Implants with a length of 14 mm and a diameter of 5 mm at 45° inclination resulted in the highest ISQ score with an average of 72.25. Implants with a length of 12 mm and a diameter of 4 mm at 15° inclination had the lowest ISQ score with an average of 63.58. Implants with an inclination of 45° showed no difference in the mean value of the primary stability against implants in the upright position (0°). Conclusion: The longer and wider the implants in the tilted position have better primary stability in D4 bone density.