Role of oxidative stress in the Epstein–Barr virus lifecycle and tumorigenicity

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus with both latent and lytic states during its lifecycle. EBV employs a latency period as a strategy to avoid host immune surveillance and achieve lifelong persistent infection. However, the latent state may be interrupted and EBV may reactivate into a lytic replication cycle, exacerbating transmission and pathogenicity. The balance and transition between these two phases in the EBV lifecycle are complex, and reactive oxygen species play an important role. We reviewed the relationship between oxidative stress and lytic replication of EBV, and the role of oxidative stress in the development of EBV-related tumors. Further research is required to explore and develop tumor antioxidant therapy.