N -acylhomoserine lactone-degrading activity of Trichoderma species and its application in the inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing.

Many gram-negative pathogens can activate virulence factors under the control of N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL）-mediated quorum sensing. AHL-degrading enzymes have been investigated for their application in disease control. Trichoderma is a genus of fungi inhabiting various types of soil and are widely used as biocontrol agents for plant pathogens. When the AHL-degrading activity of 33 strains belonging to Trichoderma species was investigated, most strains can degrade AHL. AHL lactonase catalyzes AHL ring opening by hydrolyzing lactone. Two model strains, Trichoderma atroviride MAFF 242473 and MAFF 242475, degrade AHL using their AHL lactonase activity and rapidly metabolize ring-opening AHL. Moreover, co-inoculation with MAFF 242473 and MAFF 242475 effectively inhibited AHL production by the plant pathogens, Pantoea ananatis and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Our study suggested that Trichoderma might be an effective biocontrol agent to inhibit the expression of virulence factors via AHL-mediated quorum sensing.