Exerkines: opening the way to protecting ischemic heart

Exercise, effectively and safely, contributes to the rehabilitation of the ischemic heart. In the field of cardiovascular health, it has attracted increasing attention because of lower cost and fewer side effects. Mechanisms of exercise in prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD) involve the regulation of mitophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and cardiac pathological remodeling through exerkines and gut microbiomes. To provide theoretical basis and ideas for the prevention and postoperative rehabilitation of IHD, we summarized and discussed the latest progress and future development of the above mechanisms.