Sex differences in healthspan and lifespan responses to geroprotective dietary interventions in preclinical models

Dietary restriction (DR) remains the most consistent preclinical intervention to improve health and lifespan across multiple species. Various DR paradigms have gained interest in recent years and many show overlapping phenotypes with calorie restriction (CR), the oldest and most established form of DR. Until recently, the impact of sex as a biological variable on DR outcomes has been understudied. Here, we review studies that have advanced our understanding of sexual dimorphism in the healthspan and lifespan responses to DR over the past five years. We particularly focus on CR, ketogenic diet, amino acid restriction, methionine restriction, and protein restriction in mice, flies, and worms.