Literature review of digital twin technologies for civil infrastructure

Currently, there are numerous drawbacks associated with infrastructure health monitoring and management, such as inefficiency, subpar real-time functionality, demanding data requirements, and high cost. Digital twin (DT), a hybrid of a computational simulation and an actual physical system, has been proposed to overcome these challenges and become increasingly popular for modeling civil infrastructure systems. This literature review summarized different methods to build digital twins in civil infrastructure. In addition, this review also introduced the current progress of digital twins in different infrastructure sectors, including smart cities and urban spaces, transport systems, and energy systems, along with detailed examples of their various applications. Finally, the current challenges in digital twin technologies for civil infrastructure are also highlighted.