A Review of Policies and Legislations of Vehicular Exhaust Emissions in Ghana and Their Enforcement

Globally, the transportation sector is expanding at a fast pace in tandem with urban and socioeconomic development, contributing significantly to severe air pollution. Due to concerns about air quality, human exposure, public health, and climate change, air pollution has garnered considerable attention. Most people in the country are unaware of the policy and legislation on vehicular exhaust emissions, so vehicular air pollution and its consequences have received little attention. Although the majority of rich countries have implemented automobile emission control measures, developing countries such as Ghana continue to use extremely crude methods. Based on available research, this study summarizes global policies and regulations that have been used to regulate vehicular exhaust emissions from high-emitting automobiles. The purpose of this research is to assist a broader audience in comprehending Ghana's overall system for preventing and controlling motor vehicle-related air pollution by providing an overview of pertinent legislation, policies, and enforcement, as no such review has been presented in the country. Policymakers will benefit from the insights and lessons offered in this study to develop robust air quality control legislative packages in Ghana.