想象一个没有《世界人权宣言》的世界

IF 4.5 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS World Politics Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI:10.1017/s0043887122000065
Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg
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引用次数: 13

摘要

自1948年通过以来,《世界人权宣言》(UDHR)被认为对宪法产生了深远的影响。作者确定了这种影响应该带来的两个实证意义。首先,《世界人权宣言》的内容应反映在以后的国家宪法中。其次,这种反思应该带有《世界人权宣言》本身的特殊印记,而不是更广泛意义上的战后时代精神。作者研究了不同层次的历史证据,以确定和理清《世界人权宣言》的影响。在宏观分析中,他们利用了1789年以来宪法内容的原始数据集。他们探讨了权利创造和传播的历史模式,并检验了1948年在权利规定方面是否出现了明显的中断。作者建立了一个多元模型,用宪法和权利水平的协变量来预测权利的提供。为了获得进一步的分析优势,他们挖掘了产生《世界人权宣言》的过程,并从一组被抛弃的提案中找出了明显的合理的替代方案。作者通过在随后的宪法文本和宪法诉讼中寻找对该文件的直接引用,进一步检验了《世界人权宣言》影响的合理性。有证据表明,《世界人权宣言》大大加快了对一套特定宪法权利的采纳。
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Imagining a World without the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is thought to have shaped constitutions profoundly since its adoption in 1948. The authors identify two empirical implications that should follow from such influence. First, UDHR content should be reflected in subsequent national constitutions. Second, such reflections should bear the particular marks of the UDHR itself, not those of the postwar zeitgeist more broadly. The authors examine the historical evidence at various levels to identify and untangle the UDHR's impact. In a macro analysis, they leverage an original data set on the content of constitutions since 1789. They explore historical patterns in the creation and spread of rights, and test whether 1948 exhibits a noticeable disruption in rights provision. The authors build a multivariate model that predicts rights provision with constitution- and rights-level covariates. To gain further analytic leverage, they unearth the process that produced the UDHR and identify plausible alternative formulations evident in a set of discarded proposals. The authors further test the plausibility of UDHR influence by searching for direct references to the document in subsequent constitutional texts and constitutional proceedings. The evidence suggests that the UDHR significantly accelerated the adoption of a particular set of constitutional rights.

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来源期刊
World Politics
World Politics Multiple-
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: World Politics, founded in 1948, is an internationally renowned quarterly journal of political science published in both print and online versions. Open to contributions by scholars, World Politics invites submission of research articles that make theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature, review articles, and research notes bearing on problems in international relations and comparative politics. The journal does not publish articles on current affairs, policy pieces, or narratives of a journalistic nature. Articles submitted for consideration are unsolicited, except for review articles, which are usually commissioned. Published for the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Affairs
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