直接行动:一种跨国概念的发明

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY International Review of Social History Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI:10.1017/s0020859023000391
Sean Scalmer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

“直接行动”在19世纪末和20世纪初成为劳工运动政治的一个核心概念。本文追溯并解释了这一发明过程。在此过程中,它试图解决三个目前尚未解决的历史问题:直接行动的意义问题;它相对新颖的问题;以及它与国家的关系问题。这篇文章借鉴了在四大洲以英语、法语、西班牙语和德语出版的小册子和报纸。它认为,直接行动的概念在分析上有几种可区分的使用方式:绝对的;表述行为的;和战略。几十年来,直接行动的各个方面在许多国家都很明显,但法国活动家在这一概念的发展中发挥了决定性和催化作用。他们把绝对的、执行的和战略的结合在一起。他们把关键的表演组合成一个商定的剧目。他们强调了这种结合的革命性意义。这一新的组合随后在全球劳工运动中被广泛采用。
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Direct Action: The Invention of a Transnational Concept
“Direct action” emerged as a central concept in labour-movement politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article traces and explains that process of invention. In doing so, it seeks to settle three currently unresolved historical problems: the problem of the meaning of direct action; the problem of its relative novelty; and the problem of its relationship to nation. The article draws upon pamphlets and newspapers published on four continents in English, French, Spanish, and German. It argues that the concept of direct action was used in several analytically distinguishable ways: categorical; performative; and strategic. While aspects of direct action were evident in many nations over several decades, French activists played a decisive and catalytic role in the development of the concept. They welded the categorical, performative, and strategic together. They assembled key performances into an agreed repertoire. And they underlined the revolutionary significance of this combination. This new assemblage was then widely taken up across the global labour movement.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
68
期刊介绍: International Review of Social History, is one of the leading journals in its field. Truly global in its scope, it focuses on research in social and labour history from a comparative and transnational perspective, both in the modern and in the early modern period, and across periods. The journal combines quality, depth and originality of its articles with an open eye for theoretical innovation and new insights and methods from within its field and from contiguous disciplines. Besides research articles, it features surveys of new themes and subject fields, a suggestions and debates section, review essays and book reviews. It is esteemed for its annotated bibliography of social history titles, and also publishes an annual supplement of specially commissioned essays on a current theme.
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