美国犹太教在宗教与种族之间:对莫迪凯·卡普兰与犹太白人的反思

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY RELIGION AND AMERICAN CULTURE-A JOURNAL OF INTERPRETATION Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI:10.1017/rac.2022.1
Judah Isseroff
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引用次数: 0

摘要

莫迪凯·卡普兰的《作为一种文明的犹太教》(1934)通常被解读为卡普兰在犹太教和美国之间和解的努力。与对该著作的传统解读不同,本文通过对宗教和种族分类的分析,突出了卡普兰对美国的怀疑,以及更普遍的自由主义现代性。我认为,卡普兰被这样一种前景所困扰,即如果采用这两种分类中的任何一种,美国犹太教将把它的特殊性和集体性交给自由主义的、最终是基督教的国家。事实上,在他自己的背景下,卡普兰认为改革犹太教是犹太人适应任何一类的危险的证明。这篇文章关注卡普兰对宗教和种族的分析,作为一种不太可能的资源来思考美国生活中有关宗教、种族和犹太人的一些当代问题。我认为,卡普兰对基督教和现代自由主义的担忧,显示出他对美国犹太教在被白人同化过程中的变性有着惊人的先见之明。在这篇文章中,卡普兰与詹姆斯·鲍德温(James Baldwin)进行了对话,鲍德温清楚地看到,犹太人的白人是“古老、崎岖的罗马十字架”征服的又一个牺牲品。最后,卡普兰在《文明》中关于反黑人种族主义的评论很少。然而,把他的日记放在一起读,就能看出他对美国黑人生活中宗教约束的敏感。因此,本文最后将卡普兰与西尔维斯特·约翰逊(Sylvester Johnson)关于“黑人种族”的研究和朱迪思·魏森菲尔德(Judith Weisenfeld)关于“宗教-种族运动”的研究进行对话。这种接触表明,卡普兰的分析不仅仅针对犹太教,而是更广泛地与宗教和种族的现代逻辑如何继续约束不遵守这些类别边界的他者表达的问题有关。因此,卡普兰为白人基督教对美国宗教生活的持续过度决定提供了重要的犹太人优势。
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American Judaism between Religion and Race: Reflections on Mordecai Kaplan and Jewish Whiteness
ABSTRACT Mordecai Kaplan's Judaism as a Civilization (1934) is most often read as Kaplan's effort at a rapprochement between Judaism and America. In contrast to conventional readings of that work, this article highlights Kaplan's suspicion of America, and liberal modernity more generally, by engaging with his analysis of the categories of religion and race. Kaplan, I argue, is haunted by the prospect that in adopting either of these categories, American Judaism will surrender its particularity and collectivity to the liberal, ultimately Christian, state. Indeed, in his own context, Kaplan considered Reform Judaism to be proof of the perils of Jewish accommodation of either category. The article attends to Kaplan's analysis of religion and race as an unlikely resource for thinking through a number of contemporary issues with respect to religion, race, and Jewishness in American life. I argue that Kaplan's anxieties about Christianity and modern liberalism demonstrate a striking prescience about the denaturing of American Judaism in its being annexed to whiteness. The article puts Kaplan into conversation with James Baldwin, who clearly saw Jewish whiteness as yet another casualty of conquest by that “old, rugged Roman cross.” Finally, Kaplan's comments in Civilization about anti-Black racism are few. Read together with his diary, however, they evince sensitivity to the religious constraints put on Black life in America. This article thus concludes by putting Kaplan in conversation with Sylvester Johnson's work on “Black ethnics” and Judith Weisenfeld's research on “religio-racial movements.” This engagement suggests that Kaplan's analysis is not specific to Judaism only, but is more broadly related to the issue of how the modern logics of religion and race continue to discipline expressions of otherness that do not abide by the boundaries of these categories. Kaplan thus contributes an important Jewish vantage on the continued over-determination of American religious life by white Christianity.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Religion and American Culture is devoted to promoting the ongoing scholarly discussion of the nature, terms, and dynamics of religion in America. Embracing a diversity of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives, this semiannual publication explores the interplay between religion and other spheres of American culture. Although concentrated on specific topics, articles illuminate larger patterns, implications, or contexts of American life. Edited by Philip Goff, Stephen Stein, and Peter Thuesen.
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