在澳大利亚南部寻找新的牧场植物以实现更可持续的生产系统

B. Dear, M. Ewing
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引用次数: 106

摘要

增加种植深根多年生牧草的景观比例被认为是控制澳大利亚南部旱地盐碱化所需的几项补救措施之一。多年生植物在农业系统中的广泛使用目前受到限制,因为在干旱、土壤酸性、暂时内涝、土壤贫瘠和无限制放牧禁止使用许多物种的情况下,缺乏适应良好的多年生植物来减少补给。适应盐度的植物种类也需要扩大,以稳定和改善已经因地下水位上升而退化的土壤,并增加景观中放牧排放区域的盈利能力。本文描述了由旱地盐碱度植物管理合作研究中心(CRC)发起的全国牧草筛选和育种计划所涉及的步骤,该计划旨在扩大多年生和/或耐盐饲料植物的范围,这些植物可以纳入澳大利亚南部的农业系统。它描述了目标环境、土壤限制、耕作系统和评估新植物潜力时所考虑的标准,包括评估引入新物种所带来的杂草风险。本文介绍了中国科学院开展的牧草品种野外评价和植物育种工作的成果。
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The search for new pasture plants to achieve more sustainable production systems in southern Australia
Increasing the proportion of the landscape planted to deep-rooted perennial pasture species is recognised as one of several remedial actions required for the control of dryland salinity in southern Australia. The widespread use of perennials in farming systems is limited at present by the lack of well-adapted perennials that can be grown to reduce recharge in a landscape where drought, soil acidity, temporary waterlogging, infertile soils and unrestricted grazing prohibit the use of many species. The range of plants adapted to salinity also needs to be expanded to stabilise and ameliorate soils already degraded by rising watertables and to increase the profitability of grazing discharge regions within the landscape. This paper describes the steps involved in a national forage screening and breeding program initiated by the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Plant-based Management of Dryland Salinity1, seeking to expand the range of perennial and or salt-tolerant forage plants that can be incorporated into farming systems of southern Australia. It describes the target environments, soil constraints, farming systems and the criteria being considered when assessing the potential of new plants, including assessment of the weed risk posed by introducing new species. This paper forms an introduction to a special issue which presents the outcomes of the pasture species field evaluation and plant breeding program conducted by the CRC.
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