抵抗还是参与?在马达加斯加政治不确定的背景下,反对企业获得土地

IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Peasant Studies Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI:10.1080/03066150.2015.1022867
Mathilde Gingembre
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引用次数: 48

摘要

本文以微观层面的民族志为基础,探讨了一个农村自治市如何设法向国家施压,使其暂时停止马达加斯加南部农牧区一个大型生物燃料项目的土地扩展。它记录了抗议活动背后的地方领导人和富有的牛主联盟如何通过寻找地方协商控制之外的表达空间,并与有影响力的活动人士建立联盟,抵制对他们土地使用和地方统治的威胁。在一个在自治和外向之间摇摆的道德经济中,抗议活动的跨国化在一个分裂的、专注于即将到来的选举前景的国家机器中掀起了冲击波。通过分析这种自下而上斗争的出现和影响背后的环境、认知和关系机制,本文指出了农业社区中存在的各种议价能力,以及企业圈地中面临的权力问题。在农村贫困人口历来在决策过程中被边缘化的国家,协商过程通常没有提供多少参与空间。本文表明,政治不确定性的背景为他们主张自己的权利开辟了新的空间,但在这种情况下取得的成果是脆弱和有争议的。
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Resistance or participation? Fighting against corporate land access amid political uncertainty in Madagascar
Drawing on a micro-level ethnography, this paper explores the process by which a rural municipality managed to pressure the state into temporarily halting the land extension of a large-scale biofuel project in an agropastoral area of southern Madagascar. It documents how the coalition of local leaders and wealthy cattle owners behind the protest resisted threats to their land access and local domination by finding spaces of expression outside the control of local consultation, and creating alliances with influential activists. In a moral economy veering between rationales of autochthony and extraversion, the transnationalisation of the protest sent shock waves through a state apparatus divided and focused on the prospects of coming elections. By analysing the environmental, cognitive and relational mechanisms behind the emergence and repercussions of this bottom-up struggle, this paper points to the varied bargaining endowments that exist within agrarian communities as well as to the issues of authority at stake within corporate enclosure of land. In states where the rural poor have been historically marginalised from decision-making, consultation processes generally offer little space for participation. This paper demonstrates that contexts of political uncertainty open up new spaces for them to claim their rights but that gains made in such circumstances are fragile and contested.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
17.60%
发文量
99
期刊介绍: A leading journal in the field of rural politics and development, The Journal of Peasant Studies (JPS) provokes and promotes critical thinking about social structures, institutions, actors and processes of change in and in relation to the rural world. It fosters inquiry into how agrarian power relations between classes and other social groups are created, understood, contested and transformed. JPS pays special attention to questions of ‘agency’ of marginalized groups in agrarian societies, particularly their autonomy and capacity to interpret – and change – their conditions.
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