EEG Biofeedback Case Studies Using Live Z-Score Training and a Normative Database

ABSTRACT This article summarizes clinical results using a neurofeedback approach that has been developed over the last several years and is seeing increasing clinical use. All participants used a form of live Z-score training (LZT) that produces sound and video feedback, based on a computation using a normative database to produce multiple targets. The client receives simple feedback that reflects a complex set of relationships between amplitude and connectivity metrics. Changes in the EEG are readily seen that conform to the reinforcement parameters being used in relation to the live Z-scores. In addition, over multiple sessions, QEEG data are seen to change significantly, generally on a path toward overall remediation. In this series of case studies LZT is seen to effectively address EEG abnormalities in a structured fashion and to facilitate normalization of the EEG. In individual cases, specific changes are observed, related to the initial conditions, and the brain's ability to respond with appropriat...