Index

Aboriginals, 372–373, 405, 412 Adler, Mortimer, 470n8 adversarial systems: civil/common law and, 10, 112; double jeopardy in, 123; due process and, 108; inquisitorial systems, 10, 35, 114, 115, 118, 122, 270; lawyers and, 258; nonadversarial models, 423, 446, 447; principles of, 129; prosecutor and, 35, 257 (see also prosecutor); social reports and, 297. See also specific countries age, of offenders, 33, 36n8, 58f, 59f, 474. See also youth justice; specific countries aggravating factors, 52, 53, 135, 337, 401, 433; assault and, 87–88; evidence for, 481; overlooked, 85n1, 134; proportionality and, 374, 375, 427; prosecutor and, 374, 375, 427; recidivism as, 54, 153n20, 236; street-racing and, 378, 389; transparency and, 347. See also specific topics, countries American Prison Association, 466–467 appellate systems, 469; Booker decision and, 479n13; double jeopardy, 86n3; history of, 423; norms and, 465, 471, 476; proportionality and, 7, 423; sentencing and, 89, 360, 423, 472, 476–479; trial courts and, 90,