饮酒与枪支暴力。

IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-01-24 DOI:10.1093/epirev/mxv010
Charles C Branas, SeungHoon Han, Douglas J Wiebe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

虽然滥用枪支是发生枪支暴力的必要条件,但除了枪支本身之外,还有其他一些促成因素也可以通过改变来预防枪支暴力。酒精就是其中一个关键的可改变因素。为了探讨这个问题,我们进行了一项为期 40 年(1975-2014 年)的系统文献回顾和荟萃分析。其中一大类研究表明,超过三分之一的枪支暴力死者在死前曾急性饮酒,超过四分之一的死者在死前曾大量饮酒。另一组大型研究表明,酗酒与使用枪支作为自杀手段密切相关。两项对照研究表明,饮酒(尤其是大量饮酒)后造成的枪支伤害在自我造成的枪支伤害受害者中具有显著的统计学意义。一小部分研究调查了酒精与枪支法律以及酒精销售点与枪支暴力之间的交叉关系。其中一项对照研究发现,销售外卖酒类的店外销售点与枪支袭击有显著关联。还需要进行更多的人群风险因素和干预措施的对照研究,包括随机试验,目前只发现了一项随机试验。值得进一步研究的政策包括:重新划分店外酒类销售点,规定血液中的酒精含量,加重对醉酒后携带或使用枪支的处罚,以及将醉酒驾车前科作为取消个人购买或持有枪支资格的更精确标准。
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Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence.

Although the misuse of firearms is necessary to the occurrence of firearm violence, there are other contributing factors beyond simply firearms themselves that might also be modified to prevent firearm violence. Alcohol is one such key modifiable factor. To explore this, we undertook a 40-year (1975-2014) systematic literature review with meta-analysis. One large group of studies showed that over one third of firearm violence decedents had acutely consumed alcohol and over one fourth had heavily consumed alcohol prior to their deaths. Another large group of studies showed that alcohol was significantly associated with firearm use as a suicide means. Two controlled studies showed that gun injury after drinking, especially heavy drinking, was statistically significant among self-inflicted firearm injury victims. A small group of studies investigated the intersection of alcohol and firearms laws and alcohol outlets and firearm violence. One of these controlled studies found that off-premise outlets selling takeout alcohol were significantly associated with firearm assault. Additional controlled, population-level risk factor and intervention studies, including randomized trials of which only 1 was identified, are needed. Policies that rezone off-premise alcohol outlets, proscribe blood alcohol levels and enhance penalties for carrying or using firearms while intoxicated, and consider prior drunk driving convictions as a more precise criterion for disqualifying persons from the purchase or possession of firearms deserve further study.

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来源期刊
Epidemiologic Reviews
Epidemiologic Reviews 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: Epidemiologic Reviews is a leading review journal in public health. Published once a year, issues collect review articles on a particular subject. Recent issues have focused on The Obesity Epidemic, Epidemiologic Research on Health Disparities, and Epidemiologic Approaches to Global Health.
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