{"title":"电子倍增器的噪声理论","authors":"W. Shockley, J. Pierce","doi":"10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228127","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The noise in secondary-emission electron multipliers is considered from a theoretical viewpoint. The noise properties of a stage are correlated with its secondary-emission properties: the mean value m and mean-square deviation δ2of the number of secondaries per primary. If IpA2 and IsAf2 denote the mean-square noise current lying in the frequency band Δf in the primary- and secondary-electron currents, then 1aAf2= m2I, PV2+ 622eI,, Af where Īpis primary direct current. This result is applied to many-stage multipliers. For n similar stages I, f2= M2I2PA2+ f 2[ M( M )/ m( m21)] 2eIpAf where M=mnis the over-all gain of the multiplier.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"321-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1938-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228127","citationCount":"113","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A Theory of Noise for Electron Multipliers\",\"authors\":\"W. Shockley, J. Pierce\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228127\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The noise in secondary-emission electron multipliers is considered from a theoretical viewpoint. The noise properties of a stage are correlated with its secondary-emission properties: the mean value m and mean-square deviation δ2of the number of secondaries per primary. If IpA2 and IsAf2 denote the mean-square noise current lying in the frequency band Δf in the primary- and secondary-electron currents, then 1aAf2= m2I, PV2+ 622eI,, Af where Īpis primary direct current. This result is applied to many-stage multipliers. For n similar stages I, f2= M2I2PA2+ f 2[ M( M )/ m( m21)] 2eIpAf where M=mnis the over-all gain of the multiplier.\",\"PeriodicalId\":54574,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers\",\"volume\":\"26 1\",\"pages\":\"321-332\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1938-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228127\",\"citationCount\":\"113\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228127\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228127","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The noise in secondary-emission electron multipliers is considered from a theoretical viewpoint. The noise properties of a stage are correlated with its secondary-emission properties: the mean value m and mean-square deviation δ2of the number of secondaries per primary. If IpA2 and IsAf2 denote the mean-square noise current lying in the frequency band Δf in the primary- and secondary-electron currents, then 1aAf2= m2I, PV2+ 622eI,, Af where Īpis primary direct current. This result is applied to many-stage multipliers. For n similar stages I, f2= M2I2PA2+ f 2[ M( M )/ m( m21)] 2eIpAf where M=mnis the over-all gain of the multiplier.
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