Electronic Half-Cell Module to Demonstrate an Electrochemical Series and a Citrus Fruit Battery for Remote Students

Herein, two simulated electrochemistry experiments, namely, the (i) electrochemical series, using an electronic half-cell module, and (ii) citrus fruit battery series are demonstrated for undergraduate chemistry students. The demonstration can be performed for in-person and remote students by connecting the electronic half-cell module to a computer. Remote students can participate in the demonstration on the Internet and interact with the instructor and other students. This experiment does not require the use of metal and metal ion solutions for the construction of citrus fruit batteries and electrochemical series. Therefore, this demonstration is environmentally green, because no chemical waste is produced at the end of the demonstration.