Bonding and Attachment in Adoption

SUMMARY The meaning of the words “bonding” and “attachment” as terms related to human connections are examined from an historical perspective and as important tools in the field of adoption. For over three decades there has been confusion between the two words and about the processes which they represented. Because adoption, by definition, changes the usual patterns of family connections, it is especially important that there be common agreement about terminology. Clinical observations have led to the discrete definitions proposed here. The words are defined, for utilitarian purposes, in a way that underscores the qualitative differences. The result is a tool that can improve placement decisions, help resolve controversial custody cases, reduce tensions among the families to which an adopted child has connections, and provide concrete assistance to children in their efforts to learn how to make significant attachments.