Speciation Study of L-ascorbic Acid and its Chelated Cu(II) & Ni(II) Complexes: an Experimental and Theoretical Model of Complex Formation

Different species of L-ascorbic acid and their corresponding complex formation ability with Cu(II) and Ni(II) metal ions in aqueous medium has been studied in the pH range from 2.0–12.5. The stability constants of different complexes of Cu(II) and Ni(II) with the bidentate ligand, L-ascorbic acid were determined theoretically using MINIQUARD software. Speciation of ligand and complex of Cu(II)/Ni(II) ascorbate were experimentally investigated by the titration method in solution within this pH range. Different Cu (II) and Ni(II)-L-ascorbic acid species percentages with variation of pH were calculated within the studied pH range with the help of another computer programs SIM and SPECIES. Different species distribution diagrams and the equilibria for the formation of the species were also investigated and at higher pH, ML2 species was found to be the major species in the case of both the metal complexes. All the theoretical possible structures of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with L-ascorbic acid were optimized and square pyramidal and square planer geometry have been evaluated for Cu(II) and Ni(II) respectively by Gaussian09 software. Their corresponding HOMO-LUMO energy and reactivity parameters such as chemical hardness (ç), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), electro negativity (÷), chemical potential (ì), electrophilicity index (ù) have been calculated in order to provide a better understanding of the electronic structure of complexes with the experimental results.